Dual Enrollment Biology Practice Test

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• What general process do scientists use to ask and answer questions about nature?
• What is the sequence of events in neuronal signaling when a nerve impulse is transmitted to the next neuron?
• What conditions must hold for a population to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• Which kingdom primarily consists of organisms that are autotrophic and photosynthetic and have cell walls made of cellulose?
• In an experiment testing a fertilizer's effect on plant growth, which group serves as the control?
• What are the main steps of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
• How can climate change affect biodiversity and ecosystem services?
• Which description matches a prokaryotic cell?
• The one variable that is manipulated by a scientist as a potential cause in an experiment is the _________.
• Explain the concept of nutrient limitation and its effect on population growth.
• Describe the fluid mosaic model and three components that maintain its function.
• Proteases catalyze the digestion of which type of biomolecule?
• In drug-resistant tuberculosis, natural selection means?
• Which statement differentiates exponential population growth from logistic growth?
• During glycolysis, what are the net products per glucose molecule?
• Which statement best contrasts innate and adaptive immunity?
• Which statement is true?
• The role of a control in an experiment is to
• What is allosteric regulation and how does it affect enzyme activity?
• Approximately how many pesticide-resistant species were there in 1987?
• How does a ribosome translate mRNA into a protein, and what is the start codon?
• A scientist notes that ornamental grass grown in a creek bed is taller than the same type of grass grown on the creek bank. The scientist suspects that this difference is due to water availability. This proposed explanation is a(n)
• What are the main outputs of the Krebs cycle per glucose molecule?
• Which statement about prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells is correct?
• In negative feedback for homeostasis, which statement is true?
• What is the role of mitochondria in apoptosis, and why is this important for development and disease?
• Which statement about the properties of life is false?
• Which of the following statements is related to Darwin's theories of evolution by natural selection?
• Which statement best exemplifies natural selection leading to antibiotic resistance in bacteria?
• Which of the following best describes the role of phagocytes in innate immunity?
• A single-celled eukaryotic organism that is not a consumer or decomposer would most likely belong to which group?
• Compare exponential growth to logistic growth in populations and define carrying capacity.
• What does energy processing refer to?
• Politicians may develop new policies to protect species from environmental changes.
• A mutation that converts a sense codon to a stop codon is called what?
• __________ uses 'if... then' logic to proceed from a general hypothesis to specific predictions of results that can be expected if the general premise is true.
• In a study on how light level affects plant growth, which is the independent variable?
• Which analogy best describes the process of science?
• Which scenario best illustrates allopatric speciation?
• Which statement best describes mutualism in symbiotic relationships?
• Which outcome category focuses on how scientific findings affect society?
• What gas exchange occurs in the alveoli during respiration?
• A single-celled eukaryotic organism that is neither a consumer nor a decomposer would most likely be classified in
• Which organelle is the primary site of ATP production during aerobic respiration?
• If green anoles face predation by ground-dwelling predators, which hypothesis is plausible?
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
• Which statement best defines allele frequency and its change over time?
• What is the function of the red panda's enlarged radial sesamoid?
• Kingdom Plantae consists of multicellular eukaryotes that produce their food by photosynthesis.
• Which of the following is a scientific hypothesis?
• Which waste product is released during the Krebs cycle per glucose?
• What is a null hypothesis, and why is it important in experimental design?
• The chemical energy used by most organisms for metabolism and growth ultimately comes from __________.
• What general pattern is shown from 1900 to 2000?
• Which of the following is a line of evidence for evolution?
• Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requires which of the following absent in the population?
• Which process is correctly paired with its cycle?
• Which describes allopatric speciation?
• What is the broadest taxonomic rank mentioned in the material?
• In what year did the number of pesticide-resistant species first reach 150?
• ________ are a diverse collection of mostly single-celled eukaryotes, which are sorted into several kingdoms to reflect their evolutionary relationships.
• In an experiment, the dependent variable is defined as
• What is the proton motive force in mitochondria?
• Between which years did the number show the largest increase?
• Which interaction describes one species benefiting while the other is unaffected?
• What is genetic drift?
• Which of the following is an example of a regulatory element in eukaryotes?
• Members of the kingdom Animalia can obtain
• Which term describes a tentative explanation that can be tested by experiments?
• What is a point mutation and how can it affect a gene's function?
• Which statement about chemical nutrients in an ecosystem is true?
• Which organelle conducts photosynthesis in plants and algae, and where do light-dependent reactions occur?
• Which option correctly pairs DNA form with cell type?
• Which scenario best illustrates sympatric speciation?
• Natural selection requires which combination of factors?
• Approximately 10 percent of energy is transferred to the next trophic level because
• What is post-translational modification?
• Why are X-linked disorders more common in males?
• ________ are the most diverse and widespread prokaryotes.
• A(n) ____ involves both an experimental group and a control group, which are alike except for the one variable that the experiment is designed to test.
• Which statement best describes prokaryotes?
• Which option correctly pairs a process with its cycle?
• Briefly describe the mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 and its genome-editing capability.
• A Punnett square is used to predict...
• What is the electron transport chain's final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration, and what is produced to drive ATP synthesis?
• What type of macromolecule are amino acids and what bond links them in proteins?
• In a dihybrid cross with independent assortment, what phenotypic ratio is expected in the F2 generation?
• Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart starting from the right atrium?
• What is a monophyletic group?
• Which description correctly contrasts DNA location and organelle presence?
• All organisms with eukaryotic cells are grouped in domain _________.
• In eukaryotic transcription, the TATA box is a promoter element that helps position RNA polymerase II. Which option describes its role?
• During photosynthesis, from which molecule is the oxygen gas released in the light-dependent reactions?
• In a double-blind experiment, which statement is true?
• Why are X-linked recessive traits more frequently expressed in males?
• Which metabolic pathway occurs in the mitochondria and contributes to ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation?
• Which statement accurately describes the relationship between ecosystems and communities?
• Which description correctly contrasts the nucleus and organelles between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
• Which sequence is NOT a correct pathway of energy through an ecosystem?
• In the nitrogen cycle, which form is most readily assimilated by plants?
• What term best describes the process of having research reviewed by other scientists for critique before publication?
• What is the primary function of phloem in vascular plants?
• Which statement about carrying capacity is true or most accurately reflects its meaning?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between tissues and organ systems?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes allopatric and sympatric speciation?
• Under antibiotic pressure, natural selection means what?
• A hypothesis must be testable and ____-- there must be some observation or experiment that could show that it is not true.
• Which statement correctly distinguishes correlation from causation?
• Which statement best describes the overall trend in the data from 1900 to 2000?
• How would you best describe an action potential in neurons?
• What does gel electrophoresis separate, and how is it used in biology labs?
• A _________ establishes a base line for an experiment.
• What happens to NADH and FADH2 as they donate electrons in the electron transport chain?
• In scientific inquiry, which description best defines a hypothesis?
• Define simple diffusion and give an example relevant to biology.
• Which statement about memory in the adaptive immune system is true?
• A(n) _______ is a proposed explanation for a set of observations. It leads to predictions that can be tested by additional observations or by experiments.
• Estimate ATP yield per glucose under ideal conditions.
• Which statement is accurate about DNA and organelles in cells?
• Which statement describes a typical gene?
• Which line of evidence demonstrates historical connections between species based on geographic distribution?
• During meiosis, which stage is crossing over most associated with?
• Using a type of logic, a generalized conclusion can often be drawn from a large number of specific observations.
• What is the primary role of a control group in an experiment?
• What is the purpose of a negative control?
• What is the role of an active site in enzyme catalysis?
• Which statement illustrates correlation without implying causation?
• Where do the light-dependent reactions occur in the chloroplast?
• What is a keystone species and give an example?
• In osmosis, what happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic solution?
• A(n) _______ is broader in scope than a hypothesis, is supported by a large body of evidence, and generates many new hypotheses.
• To be scientifically valid, a hypothesis must be
• Which of the following best describes prokaryotic cells?
• Which statement best describes incomplete dominance?
• Speciation is best defined as the process by which
• Yoel submitted an article describing his results, which was reviewed by other scientists.
• Which mechanism during meiosis contributes to genetic diversity aside from crossing over?
• Between 1981 and 1984, the number of pesticide-resistant species increased by approximately:
• What is a chromosome and what is its function?
• Which pairing correctly matches a plant hormone with its primary growth-regulating role?
• Describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles of a bacteriophage.
• What is a clade, and why is monophyly important in constructing phylogenies?
• Which component of scientific inquiry involves proposing a tentative explanation that can be tested through experiments?
• All of the cardiac cells working together can cause the robot leg to move in a way that individual cells could not. This is an example of
• Which type of ribosome is characteristic of bacteria and mitochondria and is a common antibiotic target?
• In photosynthesis, what do plants use sunlight to do?
• Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins?
• Which sequence correctly describes steps of protein synthesis?
• An emergent property is best described as
• Which of the following alternate hypotheses could explain Yoel's results that on some islands, green anole lizards live higher in the trees and have larger toe pads?
• Which term refers to a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence and that generates new hypotheses?
• Which of the following is an example of a regulated variable in homeostasis?
• Which is true about eukaryotic cells?
• Which factor describes gene flow?
• Describe how genetic recombination occurs during meiosis.
• Which description best captures how science progresses?
• Which enzyme fixes atmospheric CO2 in the Calvin cycle, and what is the initial five-carbon sugar it carboxylates?
• Which kingdom consists of multicellular eukaryotes that obtain their food by ingesting other organisms?
• Which term describes the factor that a researcher monitors to determine the effect of the experimental treatment?
• Which valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?
• Which statement correctly contrasts nervous and endocrine signaling?
• Emergent properties refer to
• Which statement best describes how emergent properties arise?
• During meiosis, when do crossing over events occur?
• In commensalism, which statement is true?
• In what year did the number exceed 800 for the first time?
• Which statement is true?
• In the beetles, what leads directly to reproductive success?
• Which statement correctly contrasts mitosis and meiosis?
• Which feature distinguishes eukaryotic from prokaryotic cells regarding DNA organization?
• Which pair of plant hormones are primarily involved in growth regulation, with one promoting cell elongation and apical dominance and the other promoting cell division?
• What is the null hypothesis?
• Which statement is NOT true about discoveries from comparing DNA sequences across many species?
• What are the two main stages of photosynthesis and where do they occur?
• Which feature is unique to bacteria and commonly targeted by antibiotics to minimize harm to human cells?
• Which statement is true about DNA in prokaryotic cells versus eukaryotic cells?
• Which statement correctly describes the location and transport roles of xylem and phloem?
• In a single-blind experiment, who knows which participants receive the treatment?
• Genetic and molecular data support evolution by showing...
• How are nucleotides structured, and which bonds connect the sugar to the phosphate and the bases to the sugar?
• In gel electrophoresis, the distance a DNA band migrates primarily reflects what property of the fragment?
• Which stage yields the most ATP per glucose molecule?
• In what year did the count first exceed 40?
• Which kingdom includes eukaryotic organisms that mostly decompose organic wastes and absorb nutrients into their cells?
• Which statement about DNA location is accurate for prokaryotes?
• What is the role of voltage-gated ion channels in a neuron during an action potential?
• What is the basic purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in molecular biology?
• Which of the following is a mechanism that generates genetic variation in populations?
• A ________ is a group in which no response is expected.
• Which reasoning method uses general principles to predict specific outcomes that should occur if the general principle is true?
• A ________ is a group in which a known response is expected.
• Why is proper data visualization important in interpreting experimental results?
• In Mendel's law of segregation as applied to a monohybrid cross, what happens to the two alleles for a gene during gamete formation?
• What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
• Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?
• Which description best illustrates a negative feedback loop in homeostasis?
• How can gel electrophoresis be used to analyze DNA fragments?
• In a single-blind experiment, which group is unaware of the treatment allocation?
• In the beetles, what leads to reproductive success?
• In Darwinian natural selection, which statement is true?
• What is a plasmid, and how is it used in genetic engineering?
• The type of test that changes only one variable at a time in order to isolate the results is known as a _______.
• If the creators of the robot wanted to provide evidence that it is alive, which of the following properties would be best to use as evidence?
• Yoel collected data on the size of green anole toe pads.
• Which product is produced by the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
• Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that generates genetic variation? (Note: Mitosis is not a variation-generating process)
• What is the best evidence that habitat change affected green anole diet?
• How does transcription initiation differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
• Explain the flow of energy through an ecosystem using a trophic pyramid, and why energy decreases at higher levels.
• Most of the prokaryotes known as _______ live in extreme environments, such as salty lakes.
• Which statement correctly describes the two stages of photosynthesis and their outputs?
• The red panda's enlarged radial sesamoid functions as what?
• Organisms with prokaryotic cells are separated into two ________, Bacteria and Archaea.
• Which statement best describes fermentation?
• Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?
• Which of the following best describes an ecosystem?
• Carrying capacity is defined as
• Regarding DNA location and organelles, what is true?
• Which of the following is considered evidence for evolution?
• What describes the primary function of xylem and the mechanism by which water moves from roots to leaves?
• Which statement is true about organisms in the Plantae kingdom?
• Which statement about biomes is true?
• What was the approximate count in 1986?
• Which of the following represents energy flow from sunlight to herbivores?
• In a study examining how light intensity affects plant height, what is the dependent variable?
• Independent assortment describes how...
• What is the best title for a graph showing the number of pesticide-resistant insect species over time?
• Which experiment would best determine if the green anole lizards' diet was affected by their change in habitat?
• Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
• Which enzyme digests starch (a carbohydrate)?
• Which of the following correctly pairs each major biogeochemical cycle with a key form of its nutrient?
• Which step is NOT part of a standard PCR cycle?
• Which statement best describes the implication of a violation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
• Which statement correctly describes codominance with a classic example?
• Distinguish allopatric and sympatric speciation.
• Which component is essential for initiation of transcription in eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
• Differentiate between incomplete dominance and codominance with an example for each.
• Which statement describes the overall impact of photosynthesis on atmospheric CO2?
• Which scenario best illustrates allopatric speciation?